INTRODUCTION:
- Obesity is defined as a condition of abnormal or excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue, to the extent that health is impaired.
- The amount of excess fat in absolute terms, and its distribution in the body - either around the waist and trunk (abdominal, central or android obesity) or peripherally around the body (gynoid obesity) - have important health implications.
- A central distribution of body fat is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than a more peripheral distribution.
TYPES OF OBESITY:
OTHER TYPES OF OBESITY:
ETIOLOGY:
- Obesity is the result of an imbalance between daily energy intake and energy expenditure resulting in excessive weight gain.
- Obesity is caused by multiple factors which can be genetic, cultural, and societal can be considered common.
- Other causes of obesity include reduced physical activity, insomnia, food habits, endocrine disorders, medications, food advertisements, and energy metabolism.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
COMPLICATIONS:
DIETARY MANAGEMENT:
AIM:
- To reduce weight
- To maintain a healthy weight
- To prevent complications
- To improve quality of life
ATKIN'S DIET:(Low Carbohydrate Diet)
- This diet restricts carbohydrate while emphasizing protein & fats.
- This diet has several phases for weight loss & maintenance, starting out with a very low carbohydrate eating plan
- PHASE:1--Induction
- PHASE:2--Ongoing weight loss
- PHASE:3--Pre-maintenance
- PHASE:4--Maintenance
PHASE:1 GUIDELINES:
- Eat regular sized meals a day or 4-5 smaller meals
- Don't skip meals or go for longer than 6 hours during the day without eating
- eat at least 115-175 grams of protein-rich food for every meal
- Eat 20g of carbs per day
- 12-15g of your carb total should come from cooked vegetables & salad
- you can also take a daily iron-free multivitamins & an omega-3 fatty acid rich foods to make sure you are getting all the nutrients you need
- Drink 8 glasses of water per day
The induction phase is about helping you distinguish hunger from habit, and changing the amount what you eat to suit your appetite as it decreases.
When you’re hungry, eat until you’re satisfied but not overly full. If you’re unsure, wait ten minutes and have a glass of water to see if you’re still hungry. If you don’t have a big appetite at mealtimes, instead of skipping your meal, have a small low carb snack.
- By increasing your carbs gradually, you’ll find out exactly how many carbs you can eat while still working towards your goal weight. It’ll form the foundation of your low carb lifestyle in the long term.
- Remember, weight loss in this phase usually happens at a steadier pace than in Phase 1.
- Vegetarians start at 30g of carbs per day
- You can add an extra 5g of carbs per week (up to 40g) to find your carb tolerance
- You can now add nuts, seeds, berries and certain cheeses to your diet
- Eat plenty of natural fats
- Continue to take your multivitamin, multimineral and omega-3 rich foods
- Consume eight glasses of water (or other acceptable fluids) per day
PHASE:3 GUIDELINES:
If your cravings come back or your weight loss stalls, drop your carb intake by 10g for a week, then introduce an extra 5g until you find your level. In this final ‘fine-tuning’ stage of your plan, you’ll discover the balance between what you can eat and maintaining your ideal weight.
Remember, weight loss will be slower as you work find your carb balance. Be patient, if you stick to a few rules, you will find the carb limit that will help you stay at the weight your happy weight.
- You can add an extra 10g of carbs per week (up to 100g) to find your carb balance
- You can now add pulses, starchy veg, more fruits and grains to your diet
- Monitor your daily carb intake – which you can do using our carb counter
- Consume eight glasses of water (or other acceptable fluids) per day
PHASE:4 GUIDELINES:
Going forward, you can continue to eat the same variety of foods you enjoyed in phase 3 with one slight adjustment – your fat intake may go down as your carb intake increases.
- Being active is important to for a balance, healthy lifestyle.
- If you’re not already exercising, now is the perfect time to get moving.
- As well as reducing your risk of a number of illnesses, it’ll help you keep the weight off.
ZONA DIET:
- It is an example of High Protein Diet
- It consists of 30% protein, 40% carbohydrate & 30% fat
- This diet reported greater weight loss & improvements in body composition
- Decrease in waist circumference, waist to hip ratio & intra abdominal adipose tissue and better preservation of lean body mass
LOW-GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET:
- It is a unique blend of low-fat & low-carbohydrate concepts
- This diet affects the change in blood glucose level following food consumption
- Low GI foods increases more satiety & helps in maintenance of weight
HERBS:
MORINGA OLIFERA & CURCUMA LONGA
- Increase in serum adiponectin level
- Reduction in waist and hip circumference
- Reduction in body weight
- Decrease in blood glucose level, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio & triglycerides
POMEGRANATE LEAF:
- It contains polyphenols, pectin, anthocyanins & phytochemicals
- Reduction in body weight, energy intake & various adipose pad weight, appetite
- It inhibits intestinal fat absorption
- Acts as appetite suppressant
GREEN TEA:
- Contains epigallactocatechin gallate(EGCG)& other catechins
- helps in reducing weight, BMI & total body fat
- Decreases waist circumference
FENUGREEK:
- It contains trigonelline, choline, fenugreekin, quercetin, vitexin, apigenin & luteolin
- It has hypolipidemic effects due to their antioxidant defence
- It contains a special dietary fibre named as 'Galactomannan" forms a viscous gel in the intestine, & inhibits glucose & lipid absorption
Other Antiobesity Herbs:
- Garlic
- Indian Aloe
- Ashwagandha
- Ginger
